8. Traffic regulation
8.1. Traffic control is carried out with the help of road signs, road markings, road equipment, traffic lights, as well as traffic controllers.
8.2. Road signs have priority over road markings and can be permanent, temporary, and with variable information.
Temporary road signs are placed on portable devices, road equipment, or attached to a shield with a yellow background and have priority over permanent road signs.
{Clause 8.2 as amended by Resolution of the CM No. 876 of 01.10.2008; as amended by Resolution of the CM No. 111 of 11.02.2013}
8.2-1. Road signs are used in accordance with these Rules and must meet the requirements of the national standard.
Road signs must be placed so that they are clearly visible to road users both in daylight and in darkness. At the same time, road signs must not be completely or partially hidden from road users by any obstacles.
Road signs must be visible at a distance of at least 100 m in the direction of travel and placed no higher than 6 m above the level of the roadway.
Road signs are installed on the side of the road on the side corresponding to the direction of travel. To improve perception of road signs, they may be placed above the roadway. If the road has more than one lane for travel in one direction, a road sign installed on the side of the road of the corresponding direction is duplicated on the median strip, above the roadway, or on the opposite side of the road (in the case when there are no more than two lanes for travel in the opposite direction).
Road signs are placed so that the information they convey can be perceived by exactly those road users for whom it is intended.
{Rules supplemented with clause 8.2-1 according to Resolution of the CM No. 111 of 11.02.2013}
8.3. Traffic controller signals have priority over traffic light signals and requirements of road signs and are mandatory for execution.
{First paragraph of clause 8.3 as amended by Resolution of the CM No. 111 of 11.02.2013}
Traffic light signals, except for yellow flashing, have priority over priority road signs.
Drivers and pedestrians must comply with additional requirements of the traffic controller, even if they contradict traffic light signals, requirements of road signs and markings.
8.4. Road signs (annex 1) are divided into groups:
a) warning signs. Inform drivers about approaching a dangerous section of the road and the nature of the danger. When driving on this section, it is necessary to take measures for safe passage;
b) priority signs. Establish the order of passage of intersections, crossings of roadways or narrow sections of the road;
c) prohibitory signs. Introduce or cancel certain restrictions in traffic;
d) mandatory signs. Show mandatory directions of travel or allow certain categories of participants to move along the roadway or its separate sections, and also introduce or cancel some restrictions;
e) information and direction signs. Introduce or cancel a certain traffic mode, and also inform road users about the location of settlements, various objects, territories where special rules apply;
f) service signs. Inform road users about the location of service facilities;
g) plates to road signs. Clarify or limit the effect of the signs with which they are installed.
8.5. Road markings (annex 2) are divided into horizontal and vertical and are used separately or together with road signs, the requirements of which they emphasize or clarify.
8.5.1. Horizontal road markings establish a certain mode and order of traffic. They are applied on the roadway or on top of the curb in the form of lines, arrows, inscriptions, symbols, etc. with paint or other materials of the appropriate color according to paragraph 1 of section 34 of these Rules.
8.5.2. Vertical markings in the form of stripes of white and black, red and white, as well as yellow and red on road structures and elements of road equipment are intended for visual orientation.
{Subclause 8.5.2 of clause 8.5 as amended by Resolution of the CM No. 1091 of 29.09.2021}
8.5-1. Road markings are used in accordance with these Rules and must meet the requirements of the national standard.
Road markings must be visible to road users both in daylight and in darkness at a distance ensuring traffic safety. On sections of roads where there are difficulties for road users to see road markings (snow, dirt, etc.) or road markings cannot be restored, corresponding road signs are installed.
{Rules supplemented with clause 8.5-1 according to Resolution of the CM No. 111 of 11.02.2013}
8.6. Road equipment is used as an auxiliary means of traffic control.
It includes:
a) fences and light signaling equipment in places of construction, reconstruction and repair of roads;
b) warning round light posts installed on median strips or safety islands;
c) guide posts designed to ensure visibility of the outer edge of shoulders and dangerous obstacles in conditions of insufficient visibility. They are marked with vertical markings and must be equipped with reflectors: on the right - red, on the left - white;
d) convex mirrors to expand visibility for drivers of vehicles passing an intersection or other dangerous place with insufficient visibility;
e) road fences on bridges, overpasses, viaducts, embankments and other dangerous sections of roads;
f) pedestrian fences in places dangerous for crossing the roadway;
g) road marking inserts to improve visual orientation of drivers on the roadway;
{Clause 8.6 supplemented with subclause "g" according to Resolution of the CM No. 876 of 01.10.2008}
h) devices for forced speed reduction of vehicles;
{Clause 8.6 supplemented with subclause "h" according to Resolution of the CM No. 876 of 01.10.2008}
i) noise strips to increase attention of road users on dangerous sections of roads.
{Clause 8.6 supplemented with subclause "i" according to Resolution of the CM No. 876 of 01.10.2008}
8.7. Traffic lights (annex 3) are intended for regulating the movement of vehicles and pedestrians, have light signals of green, yellow, red and white-lunar colors, which are located vertically or horizontally. Traffic light signals can be with a solid or contour arrow (arrows), with a pedestrian silhouette, X-shaped.
At the level of the red signal of a traffic light with vertical arrangement of signals, a white plate with a green arrow applied on it may be installed.
{Clause 8.7 supplemented with paragraph according to Resolution of the CM No. 876 of 01.10.2008}
8.7.1. In traffic lights with vertical arrangement of signals, the red signal is at the top, green - at the bottom, and with horizontal: red - on the left, green - on the right.
8.7.2. Traffic lights with vertical arrangement of signals may have one or two additional sections with signals in the form of a green arrow (arrows), which are located at the level of the green signal.
8.7.3. Traffic light signals have the following meanings:
a) green allows movement;
b) green in the form of an arrow (arrows) on a black background allows movement in the indicated direction (directions). The same meaning has a signal in the form of a green arrow (arrows) in the additional section of the traffic light.
A signal in the form of an arrow allowing a left turn also allows a U-turn, if it is not prohibited by road signs.
A signal in the form of a green arrow (arrows) in an additional section (sections), switched on together with the green traffic light signal, informs the driver that he has priority in the direction (directions) indicated by the arrow (arrows) over vehicles moving from other directions;
c) green flashing allows movement but informs that a signal prohibiting movement will soon be switched on.
To inform drivers about the time (in seconds) remaining until the end of the green signal, digital displays may be used;
d) a black contour arrow (arrows) applied to the main green signal informs drivers about the presence of an additional traffic light section and indicates other permitted directions of movement than the signal of the additional section;
e) yellow prohibits movement and warns about the upcoming change of signals;
f) a yellow flashing signal or two yellow flashing signals allow movement and inform about the presence of a dangerous unregulated intersection or pedestrian crossing;
g) a red signal, including flashing, or two red flashing signals prohibit movement.
A signal in the form of a green arrow (arrows) in an additional section (sections) together with a yellow or red traffic light signal informs the driver that movement is allowed in the indicated direction provided that vehicles moving from other directions are given way.
A green arrow on a sign installed at the level of the red traffic light signal with vertical arrangement of signals allows movement in the indicated direction when the red traffic light signal is on from the extreme right lane (or extreme left lane on roads with one-way traffic) provided that priority is given to other road users moving from other directions on the traffic light signal that allows movement;
{Subparagraph "e" of paragraph 8.7.3 of paragraph 8.7 was supplemented with a paragraph according to CMU Resolution No. 876 of 01.10.2008; with changes made according to CMU Resolution No. 124 of 11.02.2009; as amended by CMU Resolution No. 111 of 11.02.2013}
h) the combination of red and yellow signals prohibits movement and informs about the upcoming switching on of the green signal;
i) black contour arrows on red and yellow signals do not change the meaning of these signals and inform about permitted directions of movement at the green signal;
j) a switched off signal of an additional section prohibits movement in the direction indicated by its arrow (arrows).
8.7.4. To regulate the movement of vehicles on streets, roads or along lanes of the carriageway, the direction of movement on which can change to the opposite, reversible traffic lights with a red X-shaped signal and a green signal in the form of an arrow pointing down are used. These signals prohibit or allow movement along the lane above which they are located.
The main signals of a reversible traffic light can be supplemented with a yellow signal in the form of an arrow inclined diagonally down to the right, the switching on of which prohibits movement along the lane marked on both sides with road marking 1.9, and informs about the change of the reversible traffic light signal and the need to change lanes to the right.
When the signals of a reversible traffic light located above a lane marked on both sides with road marking 1.9 are switched off, entry into this lane is prohibited.
{Paragraph 8.7.4 of paragraph 8.7 with changes made according to CMU Resolution No. 876 of 01.10.2008}
8.7.5. To regulate the movement of trams, traffic lights with four white-moon signals arranged in the form of the letter "T" can be used.
Movement is allowed only when the lower signal and one or more upper signals are switched on simultaneously, of which the left one allows movement to the left, the middle one - straight, the right one - to the right. If only three upper signals are switched on - movement is prohibited.
In case of switching off or malfunction of tram traffic lights, tram drivers must be guided by the requirements of traffic lights with light signals of red, yellow and green colors.
8.7.6. To regulate movement at railway crossings, traffic lights with two red signals or one white-moon and two red signals are used, which have the following meanings:
a) flashing red signals prohibit the movement of vehicles through the crossing;
b) a flashing white-moon signal shows that the signaling is working and does not prohibit the movement of vehicles.
At railway crossings, simultaneously with the prohibiting signal of the traffic light, a sound signal can be switched on, which additionally informs road users about the prohibition of movement through the crossing.
8.7.7. If the traffic light signal has the form of a pedestrian silhouette, its effect applies only to pedestrians, while the green signal allows movement, the red one prohibits.
For pedestrians with visual impairments, a sound signal can be switched on, which allows the movement of pedestrians.
{The second paragraph of subparagraph 8.7.7 of paragraph 8.7 with changes made according to CMU Resolution No. 1091 of 29.09.2021}
8.8. Traffic controller signals. The signals of the traffic controller are the position of his body, as well as hand gestures, including with a baton or a disk with a red reflector, which have the following meanings:
a) arms extended to the sides, lowered or the right arm bent in front of the chest:
from the left and right sides - tram movement straight is allowed, non-rail vehicles - straight and to the right; pedestrians are allowed to cross the carriageway behind the back and in front of the chest of the traffic controller;
from the chest and back side - the movement of all vehicles and pedestrians is prohibited;
b) right arm extended forward:
from the left side - tram movement to the left is allowed, non-rail vehicles - in all directions; pedestrians are allowed to cross the carriageway behind the back of the traffic controller;
from the chest side - all vehicles are allowed to move only to the right;
from the right side and back - the movement of all vehicles is prohibited; pedestrians are allowed to cross the carriageway behind the back of the traffic controller;
c) arm raised up:
the movement of all vehicles and pedestrians is prohibited in all directions.
The baton is used by police officers and employees of military road safety inspection units only for traffic regulation.
{The eleventh paragraph of paragraph 8.8 as amended by CMU Resolution No. 161 of 22.03.2017}
To attract the attention of road users, a signal given by a whistle is used.
The traffic controller can give other signals that are understandable to drivers and pedestrians.
8.9. The requirement to stop a vehicle is given by a police officer using:
a) a signal disk with a red signal or reflector or a hand pointing to the corresponding vehicle and the further place of its stop;
b) a switched on flashing beacon of blue and red or only red color and (or) a special sound signal;
c) a loudspeaker device;
d) a special display on which the requirement to stop the vehicle is indicated.
The driver must stop the vehicle at the indicated place in compliance with the stopping rules.
{Paragraph 8.9 as amended by CMU Resolution No. 161 of 22.03.2017}
8.10. In case of a signal given by a traffic light (except reversible) or a traffic controller that prohibits movement, drivers must stop before road marking 1.12 (stop line), road sign 5.69 "Stopping place", if they are absent - no closer than 10 m to the nearest rail before a railway crossing, before a traffic light, pedestrian crossing, and if they are also absent and in all other cases - before the crossed carriageway, without creating obstacles for the movement of pedestrians.
{Paragraph 8.10 with changes made according to CMU Resolution No. 1091 of 29.09.2021}
8.11. Drivers who, in case of switching on the yellow signal or raising the hand of the traffic controller, cannot stop the vehicle at the place provided for in paragraph 8.10 of these Rules, without resorting to emergency braking, are allowed to continue moving provided that road safety is ensured.
8.12. It is prohibited to arbitrarily install, remove, damage or cover road signs, technical means of traffic organization (interfere with their work), place posters, billboards, advertising media and install devices that can be mistaken for signs and other traffic control devices or can worsen their visibility or effectiveness, blind road users, distract their attention and endanger road safety.